Wellington Office:
What You Need to Know About Gum Disease
Gum disease—also called periodontal disease—is an infection of the gums and structures supporting your teeth. Plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, is the main cause when it’s not properly removed by brushing, flossing, and regular dental care. If left untreated, gum disease can lead to severe issues, including tooth loss. Early detection is key, which is why regular dental checkups are essential.
What Causes Gum Disease?
Gum disease develops when plaque and tartar accumulate on the teeth and along the gumline. Bacteria in plaque irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and infection. If plaque isn’t removed:
- It hardens into tartar (calculus) and continues to irritate gums.
- Inflammation can spread beneath the gumline, forming pockets around the teeth that trap bacteria.
- The supporting bone and tissues can break down over time.
Risk factors that increase your chances of gum disease include:
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Diabetes or other chronic health conditions
- Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy)
- Certain medications that reduce saliva flow
- Crooked teeth or poorly fitting restorations
- Infrequent dental visits
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Signs of gum disease often include bleeding gums, red or swollen gums, and bad breath. As the condition progresses, you may notice your gums pulling away from your teeth, loose teeth, or discomfort while chewing. Since gum disease can develop without noticeable symptoms, regular exams are crucial for detection.
Stages of Gum Disease
- Gingivitis is the mildest form of gum disease. Gums become swollen and bleed easily, but there is no permanent damage. Gingivitis can be reversed with proper care, including professional cleaning and improved oral hygiene.
- Periodontitis occurs when gingivitis is left untreated. This stage can lead to the destruction of the supporting tissues and bone around your teeth, which may result in tooth mobility or even tooth loss. It’s harder to reverse periodontitis, but it can be managed with treatment.
Treating Gum Disease
The treatment for gum disease depends on its stage:
For early stages, scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) can help remove plaque and tartar from beneath the gumline and smooth the tooth roots. If the disease has progressed further, surgical treatments may be necessary to reduce pockets around the teeth or regenerate lost bone and tissue.
Preventing Gum Disease
The best way to keep your gums healthy is to combine professional dental care with excellent daily habits:
- Brush your teeth twice a day
- Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
- Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and exams
- Avoid tobacco and manage conditions like diabetes
- Maintain a balanced diet and hydration
Early detection and consistent care can help you avoid the progression of gum disease and protect your long‑term oral health.