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Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are the only dental specialists who undergo a rigorous surgical training program after dental school. Their education includes a minimum of four years in an accredited, hospital-based residency, where they work alongside medical residents in areas such as internal medicine, general surgery, anesthesiology, otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat), plastic surgery, and emergency medicine.
Focused on the hard and soft tissues of the face, mouth, and jaw, oral surgeons possess the unique skills needed to diagnose and treat both functional and aesthetic conditions in these areas, combining medical expertise with surgical precision to improve patients' lives.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery corrects a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries, and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws, and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is a recognized international surgical specialty, and one of the nine specialties of dentistry recognized by the American Dental Association.
Conditions and Treatments Offered by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons undergo years of education and hands-on training to treat a variety of conditions. These specialists are skilled in addressing complex issues related to the mouth, face, and jaw.
Corrective Jaw Surgery
Corrective jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, involves repositioning the upper jaw, lower jaw, and chin to fix skeletal and dental irregularities, such as misaligned jaws and teeth. This surgery can improve functions like chewing, speaking, and breathing. Symptoms like difficulty chewing, excessive tooth wear, a receding chin, protruding jaw, or sleep apnea may signal the need for corrective jaw surgery.
Wisdom Teeth Removal
Wisdom teeth often fail to erupt properly, causing them to become impacted. Impacted wisdom teeth are challenging to clean and are prone to tooth decay, infections, and gum disease. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons recommends removing wisdom teeth during young adulthood to prevent complications and ensure optimal healing.
Cleft Palate Repair
A cleft palate occurs when parts of the mouth and nasal cavity do not form properly during fetal development, resulting in a gap or split in the lip or roof of the mouth. This condition can affect feeding, speech, and hearing. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons work with a team of healthcare professionals to correct the issue through various treatments and surgeries over time.
Facial Trauma Treatment
Facial trauma, including fractures of the jaw, cheekbones, palate, and eye sockets, can affect sight, breathing, speaking, and swallowing. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons play a crucial role in treating these injuries, which often require surgical intervention. Preventing facial trauma through protective gear, such as mouthguards and helmets, is essential in reducing the risk.
Temporomandibular Joint Surgery
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the lower jaw to the skull. Dysfunction in this joint (TMD) can lead to jaw pain, earaches, headaches, and difficulty moving the jaw. Non-surgical treatments are often effective, but in severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissue or treat joint issues via arthroscopy.
Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Oral cancer can present as white or red patches, lumps, or sores that don't heal. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons recommend regular self-exams and immediate consultation if symptoms appear. If necessary, they perform biopsies to diagnose and treat oral cancer promptly.
Dental Implants
Dental implants are permanent replacements for missing teeth. Made of titanium, implants fuse with the jawbone through osseointegration, offering a stable, long-lasting solution. Implants don't slip or decay, and they help prevent bone loss.
Outpatient Anesthesia
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are trained in administering safe and effective outpatient anesthesia. This includes local anesthesia, nitrous oxide, IV sedation, and general anesthesia. Surgeons are skilled in evaluating patients for anesthesia, administering it, and monitoring post-operative recovery.
For any of these conditions or treatments, consult with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon to ensure the best care possible.