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Essential Facts About Gum Disease
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection that affects the gums and the structures supporting your teeth. It is primarily caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that builds up when brushing, flossing, and regular dental care are insufficient. If left untreated, gum disease can result in serious complications, including tooth loss. Early detection is crucial, making regular dental checkups essential for maintaining healthy gums.
Causes of Gum Disease
Gum disease occurs when plaque and tartar gradually accumulate on your teeth and along the gumline. The bacteria in this buildup irritate and inflame the gums, eventually leading to infection. Without proper removal through brushing, flossing, and professional dental care, this condition can worsen and compromise the health of your teeth and gums.
- Plaque can harden into tartar (calculus), which further irritates the gums.
- Inflammation may spread below the gumline, creating pockets around the teeth that harbor bacteria.
- Over time, the supporting bone and tissues can deteriorate, potentially leading to tooth loss.
Risk Factors That Increase Your Chances of Gum Disease:
- Smoking or using tobacco products
- Diabetes or other chronic health conditions
- Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy
- Medications that reduce saliva flow
- Crooked teeth or poorly fitting dental restorations
- Infrequent dental checkups and cleanings
Signs and Symptoms of Gum Disease
Signs of gum disease often include red, swollen, or bleeding gums and persistent bad breath. As the condition advances, you may notice your gums receding, teeth becoming loose, or discomfort when chewing. Because gum disease can progress without obvious symptoms, regular dental exams are essential for early detection and prevention.
Progression of Gum Disease
- Gingivitis: The earliest and mildest stage of gum disease. Gums may become red, swollen, and bleed easily, but there is no permanent damage. Gingivitis can be reversed with professional dental cleaning and improved at-home oral care.
- Periodontitis: Develops if gingivitis is left untreated. This stage damages the supporting tissues and bone around the teeth, potentially causing loose teeth or tooth loss. While harder to reverse, periodontitis can be managed with proper dental treatment.
How Gum Disease is Treated
Treatment for gum disease varies depending on its severity:
In the early stages, scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) can remove plaque and tartar from below the gumline and smooth the tooth roots. For more advanced cases, surgical procedures may be needed to reduce gum pockets or restore lost bone and tissue.
Preventing Gum Disease
The best way to maintain healthy gums is to combine regular professional dental care with good daily oral hygiene habits:
- Brush your teeth at least twice a day
- Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
- Schedule regular dental checkups and professional cleanings
- Avoid tobacco use and manage chronic health conditions like diabetes
- Eat a balanced diet and stay well-hydrated
Detecting gum disease early and maintaining consistent dental care can prevent its progression and safeguard your long-term oral health.